Preparing for Labor and Delivery

Occasional irregular or missed periods are common. But when paired with severe acne, excess facial or body hair, scalp thinning or unexplained weight gain, they may signal Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

PCOS is a common hormonal disorder involving an imbalance of reproductive hormones. Affecting about 6% to 12% of women of reproductive age, it can disrupt normal egg development and release during the menstrual cycle.

A PCOS diagnosis is typically made when two of the following three criteria are present:

• Unpredictable menstrual cycles, heavy bleeding or missed periods
• Excess facial and body hair, severe acne and male-pattern hair thinning
• Enlarged ovaries on ultrasound with fluid-filled sacs, or follicles, arranged around the edges

PCOS can also contribute to anxiety, depression and infertility. While there is no cure, symptoms can often be managed with medication, treatment and lifestyle changes.

Management options include:

• Hormonal contraceptives, such as pills, patches, rings or IUDs, to regulate periods, protect the uterine lining and lower androgen levels
• Medications, such as metformin to support blood sugar control and ovulation, and spironolactone or finasteride to reduce excess hair growth
• Fertility treatments, including ovulation-inducing medications such as letrozole or clomiphene for those who want to conceive
• A balanced, low-glycemic diet and regular physical activity to help manage insulin resistance, improve cholesterol and support weight management

According to Victoria Schooler, PA-C, a board-certified Physician Assistant at Henry Mayo Newhall OB-GYN, unmanaged PCOS can increase long-term health risks, including Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular issues and endometrial hyperplasia.

“Early diagnosis and individualized care can help patients manage symptoms and reduce future health risks,” she said.